# NAME Data::Localize - Alternate Data Localization API # SYNOPSIS use Data::Localize; my $loc = Data::Localize->new(); $loc->add_localizer( class => "Namespace", # Locale::Maketext-style .pm files namespaces => [ "MyApp::I18N" ] ); $loc->add_localizer( class => "Gettext", path => "/path/to/localization/data/*.po" ); $loc->set_languages(); # or explicitly set one # $loc->set_languages('en', 'ja' ); # looks under $self->languages, and checks if there are any # localizers that can handle the job $loc->localize( 'Hellow, [_1]!', 'John Doe' ); # You can enable "auto", which will be your last resort fallback. # The key you give to the localize method will be used as the lexicon $self->auto(1); # DESCRIPTION Data::Localize is an object oriented approach to localization, aimed to be an alternate choice for Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::Lexicon, and Locale::Maketext::Simple. # RATIONALE Functionality-wise, Locale::Maketext does what it advertises to do. Here's a few reasons why you might or might not choose Data::Localize over Locale::Maketext-based localizers: ## Object-Oriented Data::Localize is completely object-oriented. YMMV. ## Faster On some my benchmarks, Data::Localize is faster than Locale::Maketext by 50~80%. (But see PERFORMANCE) ## Scalable For Large Amount Of Lexicons Whereas Locale::Maketext generally stores the lexicons in memory, Data::Localize allows you to store this data in alternate storage. By default Data::Localize comes with a BerkeleyDB backend. # BASIC WORKING ## STRUCTURE Data::Localize is a wrapper around various Data::Localize::Localizer implementers (localizers). So if you don't specify any localizers, Data::Localize will do... nothing (unless you specify `auto`). Localizers are the objects that do the actual localization. Localizers must register themselves to the Data::Localize parent, noting which languages it can handle (which usually is determined by the presence of data files like en.po, ja.po, etc). A special language ID of '\*' is used to accept fallback cases. Localizers registered to handle '\*' will be tried _after_ all other language possibilities have been exhausted. If the particular localizer cannot deal with the requested string, then it simply returns nothing. ## AUTO-GENERATING LEXICONS Locale::Maketext allows you to supply an "\_AUTO" key in the lexicon hash, which allows you to pass a non-existing key to the localize() method, and use it as the actual lexicon, if no other applicable lexicons exists. Locale::Maketext attaches this to the lexicon hash itself, but Data::Localizer differs in that it attaches to the Data::Localizer object itself, so you don't have to place \_AUTO everywhere. # here, we're deliberately not setting any localizers my $loc = Data::Localize->new(auto => 1); # previous auto => 1 will force Data::Localize to fallback to # using the key ('Hello, [_1]') as the localization token. print $loc->localize('Hello, [_1]', 'John Doe'), "\n"; # UTF8 All data is expected to be in decoded utf8. You must "use utf8" or decode them to Perl's internal representation for all values passed to Data::Localizer. We won't try to be smart for you. USE UTF8! - Using Explicit decode() use Encode q(decode decode_utf8); use Data::Localizer; my $loc = Data::Localize->new(...); $loc->localize( $key, decode( 'iso-2022-jp', $value ) ); # if $value is encoded utf8... # $loc->localize( $key, decode_utf8( $value ) ); - Using utf8 "use utf8" is simpler, but do note that it will affect ALL your literal strings in the current scope use utf8; $loc->localize( $key, "some-utf8-key-here" ); # USING ALTERNATE STORAGE By default all lexicons are stored on memory, but if you're building an app with thousands and thousands of long messages, this might not be the ideal solution. In such cases, you can change where the lexicons get stored my $loc = Data::Localize->new(); $loc->add_localizer( class => 'Gettext', path => '/path/to/data/*.po' storage_class => 'BerkeleyDB', storage_args => { dir => '/path/to/really/fast/device' } ); This would cause Data::Localize to put all the lexicon data in several BerkeleyDB files under /path/to/really/fast/device Note that this approach would buy you no gain if you use Data::Localize::Namespace, as that approach by default expects everything to be in memory. # DEBUGGING ## DEBUG To enable debug tracing, either set DATA\_LOCALIZE\_DEBUG environment variable, DATA_LOCALIZE_DEBUG=1 ./yourscript.pl or explicitly define a function before loading Data::Localize: BEGIN { *Data::Localize::DEBUG = sub () { 1 }; } use Data::Localize; # METHODS ## add\_localizer Adds a new localizer. You may either pass a localizer object, or arguments to your localizer's constructor: $loc->add_localizer( YourLocalizer->new ); $loc->add_localizer( class => "Namespace", namespaces => [ 'Blah' ] ); ## localize Localize the given string ID, using provided variables. $localized_string = $loc->localize( $id, @args ); ## detect\_languages Detects the current set of languages to use. If used in an CGI environment, will attempt to detect the language of choice from headers. See I18N::LanguageTags::Detect for details. ## detect\_languages\_from\_header Detects the language from the given header value, or from HTTP\_ACCEPT\_LANGUAGES environment variable ## localizers Return a arrayref of localizers ## add\_localizer\_map Used internally. ## set\_localizer\_map Used internally. ## find\_localizers Finds a localizer by its attribute. Currently only supports isa my @locs = $loc->find_localizers(isa => 'Data::Localize::Gettext'); ## set\_languages If used without any arguments, calls detect\_languages() and sets the current language set to the result of detect\_languages(). ## languages Gets the current list of languages ## add\_fallback\_languages ## fallback\_languages ## count\_localizers() Return the number of localizers available ## get\_localizer\_from\_lang($lang) Get appropriate localizer for language $lang ## grep\_localizers(\\&sub) Filter localizers # PERFORMANCE tl;dr: Use one that fits your needs ## Using explicit get\_handle for every request This benchmark assumes that you're fetching the lexicon anew for every request. This allows you to switch languages for every request Benchmark run with Mac OS X (10.8.2) perl 5.16.1 Running benchmarks with Locale::Maketext: 1.23 Data::Localize: 0.00023 Rate D::L(Namespace) L::M D::L(Gettext) D::L(Gettext+BDB) D::L(Namespace) 5051/s -- -65% -73% -73% L::M 14423/s 186% -- -24% -24% D::L(Gettext) 18868/s 274% 31% -- -1% D::L(Gettext+BDB) 18987/s 276% 32% 1% -- ## Using cached lexicon objects for all This benchmark assumes that you're fetching the lexicon once for a particular language, and you keep it in memory for reuse. This does NOT allow you to switch languages for every request. Benchmark run with Mac OS X (10.8.2) perl 5.16.1 Running benchmarks with Locale::Maketext: 1.23 Data::Localize: 0.00023 Rate D::L(Namespace) D::L(Gettext+BDB) D::L(Gettext) L::M D::L(Namespace) 6023/s -- -65% -69% -96% D::L(Gettext+BDB) 17202/s 186% -- -12% -87% D::L(Gettext) 19548/s 225% 14% -- -86% L::M 135993/s 2158% 691% 596% -- # TODO Gettext style localization files -- Make it possible to decode them # CONTRIBUTORS Dave Rolsky # AUTHOR Daisuke Maki `` # COPYRIGHT - The "MIT" License Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. 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